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Heart

Arrhythmias

Any disturbance in the heart's normal rhythm, making it beat too fast, too slow, or irregularly.

An arrhythmia represents any disturbance in the heart's normal electrical rhythm — causing the heart to beat too fast (tachycardia), too slow (bradycardia), or irregularly. These conditions span from benign palpitations to potentially fatal emergencies.

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ECG trace illustrating an irregular heartbeat characteristic of an arrhythmia

Arrhythmias encompass a range of heart rhythm disturbances that can affect how effectively the heart pumps blood.

Types of Arrhythmia

  • Atrial Fibrillation — most common sustained arrhythmia; fivefold increased stroke risk
  • Atrial Flutter — rapid, organised atrial rhythm (250–300 bpm); highly responsive to ablation
  • Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT) — sudden-onset palpitations originating above the ventricles
  • Ventricular Tachycardia — life-threatening fast rhythm, often associated with structural heart disease
  • Ventricular Fibrillation — chaotic ventricular activity causing cardiac arrest; requires immediate defibrillation
  • Bradyarrhythmias — abnormally slow heart rates treated with pacemaker implantation
  • Premature Ventricular Contractions (PVCs) — early ventricular beats creating a 'skipped beat' sensation

Symptoms

  • Palpitations: racing, fluttering, or irregular sensations
  • Breathlessness and chest discomfort
  • Dizziness and pre-syncope
  • Syncope (fainting)
  • Sudden collapse requires emergency evaluation

Treatment Options

  • Antiarrhythmic medications
  • Catheter ablation (radiofrequency or cryotherapy)
  • Electrical cardioversion
  • Implantable devices: pacemakers, ICDs, CRT devices

Concerned About Arrhythmias?

Dr. Peter Chang offers specialist assessment and personalised management at Paragon Medical Centre, Singapore.