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Vascular

Lipedema

A condition that causes excess fat to accumulate in the lower part of the body, leading to heavy and painful legs.

Lipedema is a chronic fat distribution disorder that causes symmetrical enlargement of the legs, tenderness, easy bruising, and resistance to weight loss. It is frequently underdiagnosed and confused with obesity or lymphoedema.

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Diagram showing the typical symmetrical fat accumulation in the legs seen in lipedema

Lipedema is often misdiagnosed as standard weight gain, but it is a distinct condition that causes painful, symmetrical fat accumulation in the limbs.

Symptoms

  • Bilateral, symmetrical leg enlargement from hips to ankles (feet typically spared)
  • Soft, tender tissue that bruises easily with minor trauma
  • Heaviness, aching, and leg fatigue worsening throughout the day
  • Resistance to weight loss through diet or exercise alone

Stages of Lipedema

  • Stage 1 — smooth skin with early subcutaneous fat enlargement
  • Stage 2 — skin dimpling and nodular texture
  • Stage 3 — pronounced column-like deformity with larger skin folds
  • Stage 4 (Lipo-lymphoedema) — secondary lymphatic dysfunction develops

Distinguishing from Obesity and Lymphoedema

Pain, tenderness, and easy bruising are intrinsic features of lipedema. Unlike obesity, fat distribution is symmetrical and diet-resistant. Unlike lymphoedema, lipedema is always bilateral with sparing of the feet.

Causes & Risk Factors

  • Hormonal triggers: puberty, pregnancy, menopause
  • Strong genetic and familial component
  • Underrecognised in Asian populations

Treatment Options

  • Conservative: medical-grade compression garments, manual lymphatic drainage
  • Low-impact exercise and anti-inflammatory diet
  • Tumescent or water-assisted liposuction for significant functional impairment

Concerned About Lipedema?

Dr. Peter Chang offers specialist assessment and personalised management at Paragon Medical Centre, Singapore.