Deep Vein Thrombosis
A blood clot that forms in a vein deep in the body, most often in the leg, which can be dangerous if it breaks loose.
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a blood clot in the deep veins — most commonly in the leg — that requires urgent anticoagulation to prevent pulmonary embolism and long-term post-thrombotic syndrome. Up to half of DVT cases are clinically silent, making imaging confirmation critical.
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Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) restricts blood flow in the leg and poses a severe risk if the clot breaks off and travels to the lungs.
Symptoms
- Unilateral leg swelling, warmth, and redness
- Dull aching pain in the calf or thigh
- Up to half of DVT cases have no obvious leg symptoms
Causes & Risk Factors
- Prolonged immobility (long flights, bed rest, hospitalisation)
- Recent surgery or trauma
- Active cancer
- Pregnancy and oral contraceptive use
- Inherited thrombophilia
Diagnosis
- Compression duplex ultrasound (primary diagnostic tool)
- D-dimer blood test combined with Wells Score clinical probability
- CT or MR venography for pelvic and upper limb cases
Treatment Options
- Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs): rivaroxaban or apixaban as first-line
- Low molecular weight heparin for cancer-associated cases and pregnancy
- Catheter-directed thrombolysis or mechanical thrombectomy for extensive DVT
- IVC filter placement for patients who cannot tolerate anticoagulation
Post-Thrombotic Syndrome
Affects up to 40% of DVT patients. Causes persistent leg pain, swelling, skin changes, and potentially venous ulceration. Risk is highest after proximal clots or recurrent DVT.
Concerned About Deep Vein Thrombosis?
Dr. Peter Chang offers specialist assessment and personalised management at Paragon Medical Centre, Singapore.